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Part
1 : Introduction |
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General |
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Purpose |
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Description
Of Contents |
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1.
Arrangement |
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2.
Locators |
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Industrial
Applications Of Ultrasonics Testing |
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Testing
Philosophy |
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Personnel |
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Testing
Criteria |
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Test
Procedures |
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Test
Objective |
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To Top Page |
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Part
2 : Principles |
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General. |
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Sound
– Energy In Motion |
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Modes
Of Vibration |
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Early
Sonic Tests |
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Wave
Generation |
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Piezoelectricity |
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Soundbeam
Reflection |
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Time/Distance
Relationship |
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Oscilloscope
Display |
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Oscilloscope
Operation |
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1.
General |
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2.
Sweep Delay |
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3.
Sweep Length |
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4.
Range Markers |
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5.
Summary |
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Soundbeam
Frequencies |
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Soundbeam
Velocities |
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Wave
Modes |
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1.
General |
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2.
Comparison of Longitudinal and Shear Wave Modes |
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3.
Shear and Surface Waves |
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4.
Transducer Beam Angles |
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Refraction
And Mode Conversion |
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1.
General |
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2.
Mixed Mode Conversion |
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3.
Shear Wave Generation |
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4.
Surface Wave Generation |
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5.
Summary |
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Snell's
Law. |
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1.
General |
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2.
Snell's Law Calculations.. |
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3.
Typical Problem–Solving Method |
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Part
3 : Equipment |
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General. |
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Pulse–Echo
Units |
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1.
General |
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2.
Controls. |
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3.
A–Scan Equipment |
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4.
B–Scan Equipment |
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5.
C–Scan Equipment |
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Ultrasonic
Tank And Bridge/ Manipulator. |
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1.
General |
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2.
Ultrasonic Tank.. |
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3.
Bridge/Manipulator. |
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Transducers. |
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1.
General |
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2.
Sensitivity |
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3.
Resolution |
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4.
Materials |
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5.
Crystal Planes |
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6.
Transducer Types |
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7.
Frequency Selection |
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Couplants. |
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1.
General |
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2.
Immersion Couplant Selection |
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3.
Contact Couplant Selection |
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Standard
Reference Blocks |
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1.
General. |
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2.
Area/Amplitude Blocks Set |
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3.
Distance/Amplitude Blocks Set |
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4.
Basic Blocks Set |
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5.
Special Blocks |
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Part
4 : Techniques |
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General |
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Testing
Procedure |
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1.General |
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2.
Calibration |
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3.
Standardization |
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4.
Testing |
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5.
Interpretation |
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Immersion
Testing |
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1.
General |
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2.
Immersion Techniques |
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3.
Bubbler Techniques |
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4.
Wheel–Transducer Techniques |
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Contact
Testing |
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1.
General |
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2.
Straight–Beam Techniques |
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3.
Angle–Beam Techniques |
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4.
Surface–Wave Techniques |
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Preparation
For Testing |
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1.
General |
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2.
Frequency Selection |
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3.
Transducer Selection |
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4.
Reference Standards |
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Interpretation
Of Test Results |
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1.
General |
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2.
Typical Immersion Test Indications |
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3.
Typical Contact Test Indications |
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Part
5 : Calibrating Testing Units |
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General |
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Standard
Reference Blocks |
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Typical
Calibration Procedure |
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1.
General |
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2.
Area/Amplitude Check |
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3.
Distance/Amplitude Check |
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4.
Transducer Check |
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Part
6 : Calibrating Transducers |
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General |
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General
Equipment Qualifications |
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General
Calibrating Technique |
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Transducer
Calibrating Equipment |
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1.
General |
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2.
Test Setup |
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3.
Function |
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4.
Recording Method |
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5.
Manipulative Equipment |
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6.
Reflector Targets |
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7.
Pulser |
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8.
Wideband Receiver |
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9.
Display System |
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Recording
Of Transducer Beam Profiles |
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1.
General |
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2.
Flat–Disc Transducer Measurements |
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3.
Focused Transducer Measurements |
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4.
Cylindrically–Focused Transducer Measurements |
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Analysis
Of Transducer Data |
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1.
General |
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2.
Waveform |
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3.
Frequency |
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4.
Damping Factor |
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5.
Sensitivity |
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6.
Focal Length |
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7.
Beam Amplitude Profiles |
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8.
Beam Width and Symmetry |
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Part
7 : Comparison And
Selection Of Not Processes |
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General |
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Method
Identification |
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NDT
Discontinuity Selection |
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Discontinuity
Categories |
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Discontinuity
Characteristics And Metallurgical Analysis |
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NDT
Methods Application And Limitations |
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Burst |
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Cold
Shuts |
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Fillet
Cracks (Bolts) |
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Grinding
Cracks |
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Convolution
Cracks |
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Heat–Affected
Zone Cracking |
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Heat–Treat
Cracks |
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Surface
Shrink Cracks |
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Thread
Cracks |
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Tubing
Cracks |
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Hydrogen
Flake |
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Hydrogen
Embrittlement |
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Inclusions |
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Lack
Of Penetration |
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Laminations |
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Laps
And Seams |
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Microshrinkage |
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Gas
Porosity |
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Unfused
Porosity |
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Stress
Corrosion |
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Hydraulic
Tubing |
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Mandrel
Drag |
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Seam |
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Hot
Tears |
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Intergranular
Corrosion |
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